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Magnetic lock fixed to the frame and door and connected to the electric system of a commercial building.

How Do Magnetic Locks Works?

Key Takeaways

1. Magnetic door locks rely on an electromagnet to keep doors securely locked until power is cut, making them both durable and reliable.

2. Common issues with magnetic locks include power supply problems, misalignment, and residual magnetism, all of which can be resolved with proper maintenance.

3. Great Valley Lockshop provides expert installation, repair, and maintenance services for magnetic locks to ensure your business stays secure.

How Do Magnetic Locks Work?

Magnetic locks (mag locks) are automatic locks that use an electromagnetic mechanism to secure doors. When power is supplied, an electromagnet creates a strong magnetic field that attracts a metal armature plate on the door, holding it closed. This magnetic force is powerful enough to keep the door securely locked without the need for a physical bolt or latch connecting the door and the frame.

The lock remains engaged as long as the magnet is energized, and power is required to maintain the magnetic field. Since the locking mechanism relies entirely on electromagnetism, there are no moving parts, making mag locks durable and reliable for securing various types of doors.

To open the door, the power to the electromagnet is cut, either manually through a switch or automatically via an access control system like a keypad, card reader, or biometric scanner, which verifies users and releases the lock for authorized entry.

Parts of a Magnetic Lock

An electromagnetic lock is a specially engineered magnet that uses a current of electricity to produce a strong magnetic field. This type of magnet can be controlled by turning on or off the supply of electricity.

The lock operates through a combination of electrical and mechanical components that work together to control access and maintain security. Understanding the key parts of a mag lock is essential for ensuring its proper installation and operation.

  1. Electromagnet. The core component that generates a magnetic field when powered, is mounted on the door frame.
  2. Armature Plate. A metal plate attached to the door, attracted to the electromagnet to hold the door shut.
  3. Mounting Bracket. Secures the electromagnet to the door frame, ensuring proper alignment with the armature plate.
  4. Power Supply. Provides the necessary electrical current to energize the electromagnet.
  5. Wiring. Connects the power supply and control systems to the magnetic lock.
  6. Control System. Devices like keypads, card readers, or sensors allow authorized access by controlling when the electromagnet is energized or de-energized.
  7. Release Mechanism. Typically a button, switch, or access control system that cuts power to the magnet, unlocking the door.

Installation of a Magnetic Lock

Electromagnetic locks are designed to be installed at the top of the door and door frame. This is the best location to wire the magnet to the building’s electrical circuit and ensure that nothing inhibits the door from opening and closing normally when it’s unlocked.

Diagram showing six ways that magnetic locks can be installed on different types of doors: in-swing, out-swing, double swinging, sliding, glass and a gate.
Diagram showing six ways that magnetic locks can be installed on different types of doors: in-swing, out-swing, double swinging, sliding, glass and a gate.

 

The magnet is installed on the secure side of the door frame and the armature plate is fixed to the secure side of the door. In most situations, the ‘secure side’ of the door is the inside, where the device cannot be tampered with or forced.

Code Requirements for Electromagnetic Locks

Electromagnetic locks in the U.S. must comply with regulations outlined by the International Building Code (IBC) and NFPA 101 – The Life Safety Code. Here are the main requirements:

  • Electromagnetic Locks: Use an electromagnet to secure the door by bonding with a steel armature plate.
  • Release Mechanisms:
    • Sensor Release: Unlocks the door when someone approaches or when power is lost, the fire alarm is triggered, or a button is pressed.
    • Door-Hardware Release: Uses door hardware, like panic bars, to unlock the door for egress.
  • Code Updates:
    • IBC and NFPA updated terminology in 2015 and 2018 to clarify sensor and hardware release mechanisms for electromagnetic locks.
  • UL Listings: Locks on fire doors must comply with UL 294 (Access Control Systems) and UL 10C (Fire Door Tests).
  • Occupancy Restrictions: These locks are allowed in specific occupancy types like business and educational buildings, but typically not in assembly occupancies.
  • Emergency Systems: Some installations require emergency lighting or communication systems for added safety.

These codes ensure safe and regulated use of electromagnetic locks, particularly in emergency scenarios.

Electromechanical locks that allow free and immediate egress by turning a lever or pressing a touchpad on panic hardware do not need to adhere to a separate section of life safety codes.

  • The door hardware must feature a clear, easily recognizable method of operation that can be performed with one hand, under all lighting conditions.
  • The operation of the hardware must directly cut power to the lock, causing the door to unlock instantly.
  • The lock must also disengage automatically in the event of a power failure.
  • If panic hardware or fire exit hardware is required, using this hardware must release the lock. However, this section does not mandate that the door unlock when the fire protection system is activated.
  • Electrified locks are only permitted in certain occupancy types, according to the building’s classification, and are not authorized for use in all buildings.

Commercial Use of Magnetic Locks

Electromagnetic locks are widely used in commercial settings due to their versatility and strength. The holding force, ranging from 600 to over 1,500 pounds, depends on factors like the magnet’s components, armature plate size, and required voltage.

Mag locks can be installed on a variety of door types, both interior and exterior, including emergency exits, delayed egress, and controlled egress doors. Key applications include:

  • Glass, single, and double doors, as well as automatic swing and sliding doors.
  • Integration with access control systems using keypads, proximity readers, credential scanners, or biometric input.
  • Fail-safe doors, such as emergency exits and controlled egress systems.
  • Use with panic bars.
  • Traffic control doors that manage flow within a facility.
  • Exterior entry points and security gates.

These locks offer a reliable security solution for many commercial environments.

Advantages of Magnetic Locks

There are many benefits to using magnetic locks for offices, facilities or business buildings.

Easy to Install

First, mag locks are simple and require relatively little time to install. Installation requires the magnet and armature plate to be installed at the entry point. Then, an electrician will connect the device to the building’s electrical network.

User-Friendly

With this type of lock, there are no keys needed and no copies to be made. People inside can quickly grant access and buzz someone into the building. Plus, the locking and unlocking function is instantaneous, making it a convenient and safe solution.

Durable

Magnetic locks have no moving parts; they can’t jam and don’t have key problems. They also don’t wear out with time the way a tradition lock mechanism would.

Secure & Reliable

Finally, this type of lock can’t be forced, picked or pried like traditional mechanical locks. For buildings where security is a concern, the locksmith can install a magnetic lock which provides an extra strong holding force.

How to Open a Magnetic Lock Without a Key

Opening a magnetic lock without a key requires understanding how it operates and using the appropriate method to release the magnetic hold. Here are some effective approaches:

Emergency Release Mechanisms

  • Manual Override. Many magnetic locks come with a manual override, such as a push button or pull station. Activating this will cut power to the lock, allowing the door to open.
  • Sensor-Controlled Release. Some locks have sensors that detect an approaching individual and automatically release the lock.

Access Control Systems

  • Keycard Readers. If the lock is integrated with an access control system, using a valid keycard can unlock the door.
  • Numeric Keypads. Entering the correct PIN on a keypad will release the lock.
  • Biometric Verification. Advanced systems may use biometric data, like fingerprints or retina scans, to verify users and unlock the door.

Power Interruption

  • Cutting Power. Magnetic locks are fail-safe, meaning they require constant power to stay locked. If the power is interrupted, the lock automatically disengages, allowing access.

Professional Assistance

Locksmith Services. If the above methods don’t work, it’s best to contact a professional locksmith. For expert assistance, Great Valley Lockshop provides reliable locksmith services, specializing in magnetic locks and other security systems to ensure your doors remain functional and secure.

How to Open a Magnetic Child Lock Without a Key

Magnetic child locks are designed to be secure but relatively easy to bypass with the right tools. If the original magnetic key is unavailable, try these methods:

  • Use a Strong Magnet. Find a strong magnet, such as a rare-earth magnet, and place it over the locking mechanism to simulate the effect of the original magnetic key.
  • Manual Release. Some child locks have a hidden manual release mechanism that can be accessed with a thin tool, such as a flathead screwdriver, to disengage the lock.

How to Open Fire Doors with Magnetic Locks

Fire doors with magnetic locks are designed to release in emergency situations, but if you need to open them without a key, here’s how:

  • Power Disruption: Since fire doors with magnetic locks are typically fail-safe, cutting the power supply will automatically release the lock, allowing the door to open.
  • Emergency Override: Many fire doors have an emergency override switch, usually located near the door. Pressing this switch will cut power to the lock and open the door.

These methods are designed to allow safe and secure access while maintaining compliance with fire safety regulations..

How to reset a magnetic door lock without a key

Resetting a magnetic door lock without a key typically involves using an alternative method to disengage the lock. Here are some general steps you can take.

  1. Power Off the Lock. Magnetic door locks rely on an electric current to maintain a locked position. Cutting off the power source will automatically unlock the door. You can either:
    • Disconnect the Power Source. Unplug the power supply, which could be connected to an electrical outlet or a control panel.
    • Turn Off the Circuit Breaker. If you know which breaker controls the lock, flipping the switch will turn off the power.
  2. Use an Access Control System. If the magnetic lock is part of an access control system (such as a keypad or card reader), resetting the system or overriding the access control could disengage the lock. This may involve:
    • Resetting the Access Panel. If you have administrative access, you can reset or disable the access control system.
    • Entering a Master Code. Some keypads have a master override code that can unlock the door without needing a key or fob.
  3. Manual Override (if available). Some magnetic door locks are equipped with a manual override or emergency release button. This may be located near the door or in an access panel.
  4. Use an Emergency Exit Release. If the magnetic door lock is installed on a fire-rated or emergency exit door, it should have an emergency release button (often in the form of a break-glass unit) that can unlock the door.

If none of these methods work, and the lock is part of a more sophisticated security system, it may be necessary to contact a professional locksmith or technician to help reset the lock without causing damage.

If you’re located in Chester County, the Greater Philadelphia area, or surrounding regions, Great Valley Lockshop is ready to assist with all your magnetic door lock needs. Whether you need help resetting a lock, installing a new system, or handling any other locksmith services, our experienced team has you covered. Call us today at 610-644-5334 or visit our website to schedule a service appointment.

Fixing and Troubleshooting Magnetic Door Locks

Magnetic door lock systems are known for their durability and strong security. However, they may encounter some common issues over time. Below are typical problems and practical solutions to help you troubleshoot your magnetic door lock.

1. Common Issue: Power Supply Problems

Magnetic locks require a consistent power source. If the power is interrupted or inconsistent, the lock may not engage or release properly.

  • Solution: Check the power source, wiring, and power supply for loose connections or blown fuses. Ensure that the power supply is delivering consistent voltage to the lock. Replace fuses or repair any faulty wiring as needed.

2. Common Issue: Misalignment

The magnet and the lock plate must be perfectly aligned for the system to function. Over time, wear and tear or improper installation can cause the door or lock to shift, resulting in misalignment.

  • Solution: Adjust the lock and magnetic plate to ensure proper alignment. The magnet should make full contact with the strike plate when the door is closed. Use mounting brackets or realign the door to fix the issue.

3. Common Issue: Residual Magnetism

Sometimes, residual magnetism can cause the lock to remain engaged even when power is off. This happens when the electromagnet retains a small charge, preventing the door from releasing.

  • Solution: Cut the power supply for a few minutes to reset the system. If the problem persists, use a degaussing tool to remove any residual magnetism from the lock.

4. Common Issue: Worn or Damaged Components

Over time, parts of the lock, such as the wiring, control panel, or magnetic plate, can wear out or become damaged, leading to malfunction.

  • Solution: Inspect the lock for signs of wear and tear. Replace damaged or worn-out components, such as the wiring, control panel, or magnetic plate. Regular maintenance can prevent future issues.

5. Common Issue: Environmental Factors

Extreme weather conditions, such as excessive moisture, can cause rust or corrosion, which may affect the functionality of the magnetic lock.

  • Solution: Protect the lock from extreme weather conditions by installing covers or enclosures. For locks already affected by rust or corrosion, clean or replace the damaged parts to restore functionality.

Trust Great Valley Lockshop for Magnetic Lock Solutions

Maintaining magnetic door locks is critical for keeping your property secure and compliant with safety standards. Regular upkeep ensures smooth operation, prevents unauthorized access, and maximizes the longevity of your security system.

Great Valley Lockshop specializes in installing, maintaining, and troubleshooting magnetic locks. Our expert team is here to provide fast, reliable service, ensuring your locks perform at their best.

If you’re in Chester County, the Greater Philadelphia area, or surrounding regions, let us help you secure your business. Contact Great Valley Lockshop today at 610-644-5334 or visit our website to schedule your service.

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